Thứ Bảy, 18 tháng 9, 2021

Talking about Corona Virus (Covid-19)!

Warm up questions:


1. Is COVID-19 caused by a virus or a bacteria? 

2. What does COVID-19 stand for? 

3. When was COVID-19 first identified? 

4. Which organs are most affected by COVID-19? 

5. How does the virus spread? 

6. What are the symptoms of COVID-19? 

7. Is it safe in your neighborhood?

8. Have you ever been tested for COVID-19?

9. Have you ever been vaccinated yet? 

10. How do you protect yourself?

11. Do you often keep yourself updated with news about Coronavirus in your local area/ country and other nations too?


Vocabularies:

Coronavirus /kəˈrəʊ.nəˌvaɪə.rəs/


COVID-19 /ˈkoʊ.vɪdˌnaɪnˈtiːn/




Disease /dɪˈziːz/  (n)



To cause /kɔːz/

To be caused

Example:

A doctor told him that this condition was caused by excess consumption of roasted and fried food.




Hand sanitizer /ˈhænd sænɪtaɪzər/ (n)

Example:

Do you often use hand sanitizer?



Close Contact (n)

Example:

She's a close contact, so she needs to be tested for COVID-19.



To originate /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/

Origin (n)

Example:

The disease is thought to have originated in the tropics



To spread

Example:

The disease spreads easily



World Health Organization - WHO

Example:

The WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic.



Animal-human interface

Example:

Animal diseases can potentially pass to humans at any animal-human interface such as a zoo, farm or animal market.



To carry

Example:

Some people may carry coronavirus without knowing it.

Carrier (n)

Example:

People who are asymptomatic can still be carriers



To transmit

Example:

Many diseases are transmitted through physical contact.

Transmission (n)

Example:

Transmission of many diseases can be direct or indirect.



Community spread = community transmission (n)

Example:

With this many new positive cases, the evidence suggests that we now have community spread right here in our county.



Contact tracing (n)

Example:

By insisting on strict contact tracing as soon as someone was potentially infected, they managed to control the spread of the disease.



To infect 

But can it infect human beings?

Infected (adj/ past participle)

Example:

They were able to cure the infected left lung before the infection could spread to the right lung.

Infection (n)

Example:

Breast milk can help protect babies against various infections




Infectious (adj) = Contagious

Example:

Avoid the dogs as they may still be infectious.

Contagious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ (adj)

Example:

Patients who are still contagious are kept in isolation.

To diagnose /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊs/

Example:

The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases.

Diagnosis /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ (n)

Example:

Only a medical professional can properly diagnose the cause of your problem



Symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ (n)

Example:

Symptoms include a headache and sore throat.


Symptomatic /ˌsɪmptəˈmætɪk/ (adj)

Example:

Typical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, coughing, and shortness of breath.


Some symptoms of Coronavirus

1. Cough

Example:

He has a cough

2. Cold

Example:

She has a cold

    Runny nose

    Example:

    He has a runny nose

    Sniff

3. Sneezing

Example:

He's sneezing

4. Fever

Example:

She has a fever

    Temperature

    Example:

    He has a temperature

    What's his temperature?

    His temperature is 39 degrees

5. Body ache /eɪk/

Example:

Her body hurts

6. Fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/

Example:

He's very tired

7. Difficulty breathing

Example:

It's hard for her to breathe

Asymptomatic /ˌeɪsɪmptəˈmætɪk/ (adj)

Example:

She had no idea her husband had coronavirus because he was asymptomatic.

Measure (n) = actions/ steps

Example:

The health authorities took various measures

Droplet /ˈdrɑːplət/ (n)

Example:

Health care personnel wear protective clothing to guard against the disease carried in droplets when infected people sneeze or cough.



Epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ (n)

Example:

The city was devastated by an epidemic of cholera in the 19th century.

Pandemic

Example:

Just after the First World War there was a pandemic of flu which killed up to 40 million people worldwide.



To flatten the curve

Example:

How to flatten the curve on Coronavirus.



Social distancing (n)

Example:

Authorities hope that by introducing social distancing they will be able to flatten the curve and avoid hospitals being rapidly overwhelmed with new cases.



Herd immunity /hɜːrd ɪˈmjuːnəti/ (n)

This virus is unlike the seasonal flu because there is currently no vaccine or herd immunity, he said.



Incubation period /ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn/ (n)

Example:

When they know the incubation period they will know how long to keep people in quarantine.



To isolate

Example:

They will isolate anyone suspected of having the disease.

Self-isolate

Example:

The prime minister's wife has tested positive for COVID-19 and the couple are now self-isolating and working by phone and Skype.

Isolation

Example:

Travelers arriving from the infected area were immediately put in isolation.





Lockdown (n)

Blanket lockdown

Example:

Sweden was one of the few countries that did not impose blanket lockdowns.



To restrict

Example:

Having small children tends to restrict your freedom

Restriction /rɪˈstrɪkʃn/(n)

Example:

There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw



To ban

Example:

To ban large gatherings

International flights are banned



Border (n)

To seal the borders = to close the borders

Example:

To seal borders




To avoid contact with others

Example:




To stock up (on groceries/ on food/ on toilet paper...) - positive way

Example:

People stock up on groceries before the lockdowns.



To hoard (goods/ food/ valuable things...) - negative way

Example:

There would be enough food on a daily basis if people were not hoarding.



To shut = to close

Example:

Due to Coronavirus, many companies have been shut down.



To panic /ˈpænɪk/

Example:

Don't panic! Everything will be okay.




Essential businesses # Non essential businesses

Example:

The authorities shut non essential businesses.



To cancel

Example:

All of the schools have been cancelled due to Coronavirus



To postpone

Example:

Many events have been postponed.



To control 

Example:

The governments are trying to control the virus

To contain the transmission To control the spread 




To develop the symptoms

Example:

When you're infected, maybe at first you don't have any symptoms but you may develop symptoms later



Vulnerable (adj)

    The vulnerable 

To protect

Example:

We should protect the vulnerable



To hunker down

Example:

We hunkered down in the cellar while the storm raged outside.



To livestream

Example:

To livestream a press conference



Test kit (n)

Example:

Do you know how to use a test kid?



Case (n)

Example:

The cases of Coronavirus in Vietnam have been reducing recently.

Confirmed (adj)

Example:

She tested positive. It's a confirmed case.




Recovered (adj)

    To recover 

Example:

The recovered cases were 55 according to the statistics.



Overwhelming (adj)

Health system (n)

Example:

The health system in Vietnam has been overwhelming during Coronuavirus.



Mandatory /ˈmændətɔːri/ (adj)

Example:

It's mandatory for him to be in isolation.


Voluntary /ˈvɑːlənteri/ (adj)

Example:

It's voluntary to work from home.

    To volunteer



Fatal /ˈfeɪtl/(adj)

Fatality (n)

Example:

COVID-19 can be fatal

a fatal accident/blow/illness



Unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ (adj) = never done or known before

Example:

The situation is unprecedented in modern times.



Concerned (about) /kənˈsɜːrnd/ (adj)

Example:

I'm really concerned about my health/ family/ job.

He's always concerned about money.



Factual /ˈfæk.tʃu.əl/ (adj)

    Fact (n)

Example:

Parents should give factual information about Coronavirus to their children, not so emotional or exaggerated




To deal with = to cope with 

Example:

What do you often do to cope with your stress?



Anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.t̬i/

    Anxious /ˈæŋk.ʃəs/

Example:

Deal with your own anxiety about Coronavirus



Face mask (n)

Example:

The World Health Organization have historically offered varying advice on whether or when people should wear face masks.




To vaccinate /ˈvæksɪneɪt/

Example:

I was vaccinated against COVID-19


Vaccine

A vaccine for cholera was invented in 1879.

Vax

Have you had your flu vax this year?



Anti-vaxer, Anti-vaxxer

Example:

Some anti-vaxxers are against vaccines on religious grounds and others just believe vaccines are dangerous to health.



Novel (adj) = new & original

Example:

A novel idea/suggestion

Novel coronavirus

Example:

Until they gave it a name, they mostly referred to COVID-19 as novel coronavirus (ncovid)

Outbreak /ˈaʊtbreɪk/ (n)

Example:

There was an outbreak in Wuhan, China.




Pathogen /ˈpæθədʒən/ (n)

Example:

Fortunately, most pathogens are dealt with by the body's immune system.



Patient zero (n)

Example:

Authorities usually try to determine who patient zero was in any given outbreak as can help answer important questions about how, when and why it started.



PCR test - PCR = polymerase chain reaction

Example:

The PCR test is one of the tools that doctors use to diagnose certain coronavirus diseases.



Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Example:

Much of the PPE worn by doctors and nurses has to be worn once only and destroyed after use.



Person-to-person

Example:

In January an infected American woman returning home from China transmitted the virus to her husband, marking the first known example of person-to-person spread of the virus in the USA



Quarantine /ˈkwɔːrəntiːn/ (n)

Self - quarantine 

Example:

The dog was kept in quarantine for six months.



Screening /ˈskriːnɪŋ/ (n)

Example:

They now conduct screening for all incoming passengers.




Superspreader /ˈsuːpərspredər/ (n)

Example:

One so-called "superspreader" in South Korea infected at least 37 people at her church with the virus.

Superspreading (adj)

Example:

Superspreading event




Test negative/ Test positive

Example:

The President is pleased to announce that he has tested negative for the virus.



To treat 

Example:

Doctors cannot currently treat COVID-19 directly and instead concentrate on relieving symptoms.

Treatment (n)

Example:

There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19, and infected patients receive supportive care to help relieve symptoms.




To stuck /stʌk/

Example:

Try to do something useful when you stuck at home during Coronavirus.



Viral (adj)

Example:

Antibiotics cannot be used to treat viral infections because they don't kill viruses, only bacteria.

Virus (n)

Example:

Like all diseases caused by viruses, the common cold cannot be cured with antibiotics.

Zoonotic /ˌzuː.əˈnɑː.t̬ɪk/ (adj)

Example:

To protect yourself from zoonotic diseases it's best to avoid bites and scratches from animals.


Phrases:

Take it easy


Recommendations:

Maintain social distancing



Do not contact with sick people



Wash hands frequently with soap 



Use hand sanitizer



Avoid touching face, mouth, nose, eyes



Cough or sneeze into a tissue.



Cough or sneeze into the bend of our elbow



Do not visit the vulnerable people (elderly/ unwell/ weak)

Work from home (WFH)



Social Distancing:

Do not:

Get close to others

Touch others

Visit others

Go out socially

Avoid:

Large groups/ crowds

Public transportation

Traveling

Do:

Stay at home

Work from home

Keep in touch with other people by phone/ video calls

Why?

To reduce the chances of catching the virus

To reduce the chances of passing it to others

What can we do? Let's...

Stay calm




Stay positive





Follow the advice of experts and local authorities




Make the most of our time




Take care of ourselves


Be kind to each other


What can you say to others?

Be well

Stay healthy

Stay strong

More practice questions about Corona virus:

1. Can coronaviruses be transmitted from person to person?

2. What can you do to protect yourself?

3. Do you always wear your mask when you go out in public?

4. Do you often wash your hands? How often? and how? (by soap and water or by hand sanitizer?) And where can you buy hand sanitizer?

5. Are there many community cases in your local area/ town/ city? Do you know how many community cases everyday in your town? 

6. What areas do you think the virus is easily spread/ transmitted? (markets/ ports/ beaches...)

7. Do you know the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?

8. Do you what social distancing is? What should we do? and shouldn't do to apply social distancing? and why?

9. Does government impose blanket lockdown on your city? 

10. Do you think blanket lockdown is effective? Or we should impose lockdown on only affected areas? 

11. What does government ban people doing during Coronavirus?

12. Do you stock up on groceries and food during Coronavirus? What do you think about people who try to hoard a lot of food during the pandemic?

13. Does pandemic affect on your study/ work/ business a lot? Can you give some examples?

14. Can you tell me some essential businesses and non essential businesses?

15. Do you have any test kit at home? Do you know how to use it? 

16. How long is the Coronavirus incubation period?

17. How do you deal/ cope with stress during Covid-19?

18. 















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